Internet browsers are used to access internet all the time. This is also one way for hackers to steal your password without your notice. There are not only hackers but also malicious software and viruses that steal confidential information from your computer The tips is to do not store your passwords in internet browsers. You can either have a password for all websites which should not be weak password. Memorize it and do not share it or save it anywhere in computer or internet and use it. Best choice is to use a good password manager. Its better to use password manager with encryption. Password encryption tool will encrypt all your passwords before storing them in its database. Password encryption is a further level of security for password. If you have to remember username and password for a lot of websites then all you need is a good password encryption software.

Tips to help users remember their password

• Choose a secure yet memorable password. Suggest that your users choose a password that is familiar to them: their first pet’s name, their father’s middle name, their favorite sports team, or a combination of these. However, discourage them from using words such as “password” or numeric combinations such as “123456.”
• Avoid gibberish or bizarre character combinations. While character combinations such as “dfFe#*23” might be hard to guess, they are also difficult to remember. I know these passwords are less susceptible to brute-force attacks, but such activity can be combated in other ways, such as limits on incorrect logon attempts.
• Don’t change the password too frequently. Users are more likely to forget a password they will only use for a short period of time. It’s not necessary to have your users change passwords every week. A good average is 90 to 120 days, and I’ve found that most users can deal with this.
• Don’t use an excessively long password. Discourage users from using the entire alphabet or the preamble to the Constitution as a password. Depending on the system, some passwords have a maximum and minimum length. Pick something in the middle that users can remember and easily type. I’ve found that using six to eight characters works wonderfully. Users are less likely to mistype or misspell a password of this length.
• Write the password down, but keep it in a safe place. I know this a no-no among security enthusiasts, but if all else fails, this may be the user’s only hope. This is especially true if the user has a password not easily remembered or that they seldom use. Have them write down their password and put it in their wallet or purse. Suggest they tape their password to the inside of a locked desk drawer.

10 Things You Should Know About IPv6 Addressing

Over the last several years, IPv6 has been inching toward becoming a mainstream technology. Yet many IT pros still don’t know where to begin when it comes to IPv6 adoption because IPv6 is so different from IPv4. In this article, I’ll share 10 pointers that will help you understand how IPv6 addressing works.

1: IPv6 addresses are 128-bit Hexadecimal numbers

The IPv4 addresses we’re all used to seeing are made up of four numerical octets that combine to form a 32-bit address. IPv6 addresses look nothing like IPv4 addresses. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long and are made up of hexadecimal numbers.

In IPv4, each octet is separated by a period. In IPv6, the hexadecimal characters are separated by colons. A group of hexadecimal characters can range from two to four characters in length.

2: Link local unicast addresses are easy to identify

IPv6 reserves certain headers for different types of addresses. Probably the best known example of this is that link local unicast addresses always begin with FE80. Similarly, multicast addresses always begin with FF0x, where the x is a placeholder representing a number from 1 to 8.

3: Leading zeros are suppressed

Because of their long bit lengths, IPv6 addresses tend to contain a lot of zeros. When a section of an address starts with one or more zeros, those zeros are nothing more than placeholders. So any leading zeros can be suppressed. To get a better idea of what I mean, look at this address:

FE80:CD00:0000:0CDE:1257:0000:211E:729C

If this were a real address, any leading zero within a section could be suppressed. The result would look like this:

FE80:CD00:0:CDE:1257:0:211E:729C

As you can see, suppressing leading zeros goes a long way toward shortening the address.

4: Inline zeros can sometimes be suppressed

Real IPv6 addresses tend to contain long sections of nothing but zeros, which can also be suppressed. For example, consider the address shown below:

FE80:CD00:0000:0000:0000:0000:211E:729C

In this address, there are four sequential sections separated by zeros. Rather than simply suppressing the leading zeros, you can get rid of all of the sequential zeros and replace them with two colons. The two colons tell the operating system that everything in between them is a zero. The address shown above then becomes:

FE80:CD00::211E:729C

You must remember two things about inline zero suppression. First, you can suppress a section only if it contains nothing but zeros. For example, you will notice that the second part of the address shown above still contains some trailing zeros. Those zeros were retained because there are non-zero characters in the section. Second, you can use the double colon notation only once in any given address.

5: Loopback addresses don’t even look like addresses

In IPv4, a designated address known as a loopback address points to the local machine. The loopback address for any IPv4-enabled device is 127.0.0.1.

Like IPv4, there is also a designated loopback address for IPv6:

0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

Once all of the zeros have been suppressed, however, the IPv6 loopback address doesn’t even look like a valid address. The loopback address is usually expressed as ::1

6: You don’t need a traditional subnet mask

In IPv4, every IP address comes with a corresponding subnet mask. IPv6 also uses subnets, but the subnet ID is built into the address.

In an IPv6 address, the first 48 characters are the network prefix. The next 16 characters (which are often all zeros) are the subnet ID. And the last 64 characters are the interface identifier. Even though there is no subnet mask, you have the option of specifying a subnet prefix length.

7: DNS is still a valid technology

In IPv4, Host (A) records are used to map an IP address to a host name. DNS is still used in IPv6, but Host (A) records are not used by IPv6 addresses. Instead, IPv6 uses AAAA resource records, which are sometimes referred to as Quad A records. The domain ip6.arpa is used for reverse hostname resolution.

8: IPv6 can tunnel its way across IPv4 networks

One of the things that has caused IPv6 adoption to take so long is that IPv6 is not generally compatible with IPv4 networks. As a result, a number of transition technologies use tunneling to facilitate cross network compatibility. Two such technologies are Teredo and 6to4. Although these technologies work in different ways, the basic idea is that both encapsulate IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets. That way, IPv6 traffic can flow across an IPv4 network. Keep in mind, however, that tunnel endpoints are required on both ends to encapsulate and extract the IPv6 packets.

9: You might already be using IPv6

Beginning with Windows Vista, Microsoft began installing and enabling IPv6 by default. Because the Windows implementation of IPv6 is self-configuring, your computers could be broadcasting IPv6 traffic without your even knowing it. Of course, this doesn’t necessarily mean that you can abandon IPv4. Not all switches and routers support IPv6, just as some applications contain hard-coded references to IPv4 addresses.

10: Windows doesn’t fully support IPv6

It’s kind of ironic, but as hard as Microsoft has been pushing IPv6 adoption, Windows does not fully support IPv6 in all the ways you might expect. For example, in Windows, it is possible to include an IP address within a Universal Naming Convention (\\127.0.0.1\C$, for example). However, you can’t do this with IPv6 addresses because when Windows sees a colon, it assumes you’re referencing a drive letter.

To work around this issue, Microsoft has established a special domain for IPv6 address translation. If you want to include an IPv6 address within a Universal Naming Convention, you must replace the colons with dashes and append .ipv6.literal.net to the end of the address — for example, FE80-AB00–200D-617B.ipv6.literal.net.

Enable Registry Editor, Task Manager and Folder Options

Many of us see that when a virus infects our system, the first thing it does is Disable Registry Editor, Task Manager and Folder Options. As soon as you see these option disabled you have to know your system is infected.

If you press Ctrl+Alt+Del you ll get a dialog box saying "Task manager has been disabled by your Administrator" and the same thing comes up when you try to edit registry using regedit.

It is irritating that, you cannot remove this problem by going to registry and you cannot see the Folder options also so you will not be able to delete the hidden files.

Now to first enable the Task manager

--- Go to Start menu --> Run and type gpedit.msc and press enter

--- Now in the left pane select

User Configuration --> Administrative Templates --> System --> Ctrl+Alt+Delete options

--- In the right pane double click on Remove task manager and disable it and press Apply and then OK.

You got back your Task manager

The process to get back regedit is similar

--- Go to Start menu --> Run and type gpedit.msc and press enter

--- Now in the left pane select User Configuration --> Administrative Templates --> System

--- In the right pane double click on "Prevent access to registry editing tools"

--- Disable this option

Now your registry editor is back.

To get the Folder options

--- Go to gpedit as given earlier.

--- Then to

User Configuration --> Administrative Templates --> Windows Component --> Windows Explorer

--- In the right pane look for "Removes the Folder Options menu item from the Tools menu"

--- Double click on it then disable it to get folder options back.

There are alternate methods for getting these settings back which I will give in the next post.